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	<title>ICCR &#124; Blog</title>
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	<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org</link>
	<description></description>
	<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 17:12:10 +0000</pubDate>
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	<language>en</language>
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		<title>Energy efficiency in buildings: Time to act!</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/12/energy-efficiency-in-buildings-time-to-act/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/12/energy-efficiency-in-buildings-time-to-act/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 17:12:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Michael Schmidt</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Research]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ECO-BUILD]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/?p=32</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The European building sector is responsible for approximately one third of all energy consumption. A majority of this is used for heating and warm water but the proliferation of cooling systems and the ever increasing use of electrical appliances constitute additional challenges. Furthermore, the use of floor-space per person is still increasing, both for office [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The European building sector is responsible for approximately one third of all energy consumption. A majority of this is used for heating and warm water but the proliferation of cooling systems and the ever increasing use of electrical appliances constitute additional challenges. Furthermore, the use of floor-space per person is still increasing, both for office buildings and private housing. As a result of the recent energy price scare and in conjunction with economic stimulus packages following the financial crisis politicians are currently seeking concepts and strategies to invest into energy efficiency in the building sector.</p>
<p>EU funded research on this subject shows that technological developments are so advanced that virtually any type of new building can be constructed to meet the highest energy efficiency standards and most existing buildings can easily be retrofitted to reduce energy consumption by 50% and more. The ECO-BUILD project, coordinated by the ICCR in Vienna, studied a range of good practice examples and put forward a number of policy recommendations to assist European and national authorities in drafting new energy efficiency strategies. During the upcoming year, the project will analyze the effectiveness of various policy measures. The first project report and the related policy recommendations are available for download from <a href="http://www.ecobuild-project.org/" target="_blank">www.ecobuild-project.org</a></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>ICCR Job Openings</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/10/iccr-job-openings/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/10/iccr-job-openings/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Oct 2008 11:09:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johannes Blaas</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Job Openings]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Staff]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/?p=25</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To support our team we are looking for new staff members at the ICCR Vienna  office. We have opened a position for a Dissemination Officer at the ICCR Foundation. We are also offering internships for young researchers.
For more information and details on how to apply, please visit our jobs  page.
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To support our team we are looking for new staff members at the ICCR Vienna  office. We have opened a position for a Dissemination Officer at the ICCR Foundation. We are also offering internships for young researchers.<br />
For more information and details on how to apply, please visit our <a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/iccr/jobs.html">jobs  page</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/10/iccr-job-openings/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>MONIQA Meeting at the ICCR</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/09/moniqa-meeting-at-the-iccr/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/09/moniqa-meeting-at-the-iccr/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2008 15:16:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johannes Blaas</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Events]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[MONIQA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/?p=20</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A group of European and Asian experts are meeting at the ICCR on 4-5 September to agree on a conceptual framework for the assessment of the costs and benefits of compliance with EU food safety regulations. The meeting takes place in the framework of the MONIQA Network of Excellence. The assessment model will be demonstrated [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A group of European and Asian experts are meeting at the ICCR on 4-5 September to agree on a conceptual framework for the assessment of the costs and benefits of compliance with EU food safety regulations. The meeting takes place in the framework of the <a href="http://www.moniqa.org/" target="_blank">MONIQA Network of Excellence</a>. The assessment model will be demonstrated through country case studies in Italy, Egypt, Turkey, China and Indonesia</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Claude Kordon, un chercheur européen engagé</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/06/claude-kordon-un-chercheur-europeen-engage/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/06/claude-kordon-un-chercheur-europeen-engage/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Jun 2008 12:43:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johannes Blaas</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/?p=19</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Claude Kordon died on June 2nd 2009. First President, in 1997, of the newly created association Euroscience, he was already at the time deeply engaged in the rejuvenation of the European Science Foundation (ESF).
Claude was (with Pierre Papon) one of two French representatives on the ESF Executive Council in the 1990s (1992-1997), when some of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Claude Kordon died on June 2nd 2009. First President, in 1997, of the newly created association Euroscience, he was already at the time deeply engaged in the rejuvenation of the European Science Foundation (ESF).</p>
<p>Claude was (with Pierre Papon) one of two French representatives on the ESF Executive Council in the 1990s (1992-1997), when some of its members believed that the Foundation should play a more strategic role in European science policy and in the building-up of what is today called a European Research Area. Claude devoted a lot of his diplomatic talent and patience (he was fluent in four European languages…) to bringing French research institutions and their European partners to take a more active part in the ESF. He himself was convinced that the scientific challenges of the turn of the century were so enormous that European cooperation on a large scale was absolutely essential. Thus he was led, after sowing seeds in ESF territory, to his commitment in the creation of Euroscience.</p>
<p>In the years 1995-97, when Euroscience was in preparation, and in 1997-2000, with the help of an excellent Governing Board, Claude strove to launch the fledgling association. He understood the importance of dedicated individuals for the success of our first steps, spent time in lengthy discussions with colleagues from different countries (all the Euroscience initiators used their lists of addresses and contacts) and produced, in speech and in writing, many a bright idea for the development of the association.<br />
Euroscience certainly started modestly, but Claude gave us confidence to forge ahead, come hell or high water. He chaired a Board representing 15 nationalities in an agreeable, elegant and positive manner, and occasionally also helped raise the spirits of the secretary general besieged by material difficulties.<br />
Thus Claude was obstinate, but always gracefully so. He put in a lot of effort when he was aware of failings in European policy. He was firmly convinced – as were all Euroscience members – that research in Europe was too dispersed and fragmented, partly because of narrow national policies, and that scientists should constitute a lobby to voice, at the European level, their common needs and common proposals for improved efficiency and worldwide advancement of science and innovation. He was a visionary in supporting, among these common needs, the cause of young researchers. For several years he advocated the setting up of a European job bank, a service which obviously Euroscience could not establish with its own resources, but which was finally picked up by the European Commission: there is now a portal for scientists&#8217; mobility and job offers (www.europa.eu.int/eures). He also laid the foundation of the European Charter for Researchers by organising in 2002 the Bischenberg Conference on “New science- and-technology-based professions in Europe”.<br />
These man-of-action qualities were rooted in Claude&#8217;s deep knowledge of the research system, both national and European. He had a perceptive and generous mind, and as a careful observer of the European scene, he anticipated where new actions should take place. Then he launched or helped launch new initiatives.</p>
<p>With Claude, Euroscience chose not to be embedded in the closed circles of pure research: we met, offering our considerations, with the European Parliament, the Council of Europe, a number of research decision-makers in European countries, and of course the European Commission.<br />
Let us end by quoting Simeon Anguelov, a Bulgarian chemist, former ambassador of Bulgaria in France, and former member of the Euroscience Board:<br />
“Claude did a lot for intellectual life in Europe. Not so numerous are those for whom science is not a job among others but a mission, a responsibility, a vocation. I had the fortune to know him and to work at Euroscience in his wake. During my stay in France, this was one of the most enriching experiences I had on the intellectual plane.”.</p>
<p>Pierre Papon, Françoise Praderie</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>&#8220;L&#8217;identité européenne&#8221; selon Krzysztof Pomian</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/05/lidentite-europeenne-selon-krzysztof-pomian/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/05/lidentite-europeenne-selon-krzysztof-pomian/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2008 09:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jérôme Segal</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[European identity]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Pomian]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/?p=17</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Directeur scientifique du Musée de l&#8217;Europe, à Bruxelles, Krzysztof Pomian était le 20 mai 2008 l&#8217;invité de l&#8217;Institut des Sciences de l&#8217;homme (IWM), sur le thème « Identité européenne : fait historique et problème ». Devant une trentaine de personnes, l&#8217;historien a tenu une conférence en français de plus d&#8217;une heure sur l&#8217;identité européenne.
Habilement, il [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft" style="10px;" src="http://jsegal.free.fr/pomian.jpg" alt="" width="182" height="273" /></p>
<p>Directeur scientifique du <a href="http://www.expo-europe.be/">Musée de l&#8217;Europe</a>, à Bruxelles, <a href="http://crh.ehess.fr/document.php?id=310">Krzysztof Pomian</a> était le 20 mai 2008 l&#8217;invité de l&#8217;Institut des Sciences de l&#8217;homme (<a href="http://www.iwm.at/">IWM</a>), sur le thème « Identité européenne : fait historique et problème ». Devant une trentaine de personnes, l&#8217;historien a tenu une conférence en français de plus d&#8217;une heure sur l&#8217;identité européenne.</p>
<p>Habilement, il a commencé par formuler quelques réserves sur l&#8217;emploi du terme « identité », un mot dangereux, selon lui, qui « donne des boutons » à certains. Identité suppose différence et partant du constat assez trivial selon lequel un Chinois n&#8217;aurait pas de difficulté à se définir une identité chinoise, tandis qu&#8217;un Européen serait plus embarrassé, Pomian a opposé l&#8217;identité européenne aux identités nationales. L&#8217;Europe ne se réduit pas au continent de la géographie, ni à l&#8217;Union européenne de la politique, mais se présente plutôt en complément des nations.</p>
<p><span id="more-17"></span></p>
<p>Dans une approche délibérément « terre-à-terre », récusant ouvertement son passé de philosophe, Pomian s&#8217;est demandé « Que remarque-t-on en Europe, de différent par rapport aux entités voisines ? » Il voit six critères distinctifs :</p>
<ul class="unIndentedList">
<li> La présence de croix chrétiennes</li>
<li> Des plans de ville et une architecture typique (néoclassique) des bâtiments publics</li>
<li> Une écriture alphabétique (avec trois alphabets)</li>
<li> Une diversité des images</li>
<li> La présence d&#8217;images représentant des corps humains nus</li>
<li> Des traces de l&#8217;Antiquité gréco-romaine et du Moyen-Âge</li>
</ul>
<p>Curieusement, il a ajouté qu&#8217;il laissait de côté l&#8217;héritage juif et les effets de la globalisation&#8230; En Europe, l&#8217;organisation temporelle est marquée par le christianisme (cf. par exemple les fêtes), de nombreuses références spécifiques soudent la communauté des Européens, sans que ceux-ci en soient forcément conscients. L&#8217;étymologie permet par exemple de retrouver certaines influences.</p>
<p>Par ailleurs, certaines idées sont selon lui propres à l&#8217;Europe :</p>
<ul class="unIndentedList">
<li> le caractère séculier de la vie publique, la laïcité (même si les applications sont parfois «un peu difficiles» dans certains pays comme la Pologne où il est né - et là je le trouve trop optimiste ou mal informé, sur les multiples atteintes à la laïcité),</li>
<li> le statut des femmes (refus de la polygamie, pas de gynécées ni de harem, pas de voile, rôle important depuis le 11<sup>ème</sup> siècle)</li>
<li> l&#8217;absence de restriction diététique (il a mentionné sur ce point l&#8217;opposition entre christianisme et judaïsme)</li>
<li> la diversité des langues (une quarantaine selon les définitions, mais ce point ne me paraît pas distinctif du continent africain)</li>
</ul>
<p>Sur ces bases, Pomian a retracé à grands traits l&#8217;histoire de l&#8217;Europe, depuis le milieu du premier millénaire avant notre ère (colonisation grecque). Quatre moments m&#8217;ont paru particulièrement intéressants :</p>
<ul class="unIndentedList">
<li> La constitution d&#8217;Etats-nations en opposition à l&#8217;empereur et au pape,</li>
<li> L&#8217;apparition grâce aux Lumières d&#8217;une communauté supranationale et supraconfessionnelle qui a permis le développement du <em><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit_des_gens">Jus gentium</a></em> avec une balance des pouvoirs maintenue par l&#8217;action diplomatique.</li>
<li> La Révolution industrielle (en Angleterre dès la fin du XVIII<sup>e</sup> siècle) a eu des effets déterminants sur le quotidien des Européens et serait - selon lui - à l&#8217;origine d&#8217;une scission entre la culture populaire <strong>nationale</strong> des prolétaires et la culture <strong>cosmopolite</strong> des élites bourgeoises.</li>
<li> La Seconde guerre mondiale a été l&#8217;occasion de constater la force de l&#8217;idée européenne, capable de s&#8217;exprimer dès 1943 dans les écrits d&#8217;un <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli">Spinelli</a> en Italie. Un auditeur lui a fait remarquer qu&#8217;il personnifiait l&#8217;Europe alors qu&#8217;il n&#8217;y a pas, historiquement de continuité de cette pensée. Je crois que la remarque était pertinente et Pomian a reconnu qu&#8217;il ne pouvait être question de continuité. De même, Pomian s&#8217;est extasié de pouvoir se rendre de Tallin à Lisbonne «sans exhiber de passeport» (ce qui est faux). Il semble avoir oublié ce qui s&#8217;est joué dans la petite localité de <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_de_Schengen">Schengen</a> et l&#8217;orientation actuelle vers une <a href="http://www.eurotopics.net/fr/magazin/magazin_archiv/festung_europa_2007_08/debatte_festung_europa_2007_08/">Europe forteresse</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Après ce long développement historique, Pomian est entré <em>in medias res</em>. L&#8217;identité vient du langage formel et d&#8217;après la définition leibnizienne, l&#8217;identité permet de substituer un terme à un autre sans altérer la vérité. Dans le cas de citoyens, il ne peut être question que de similitudes mais alors pourquoi parler tout de même d&#8217;identité ? Que préserve cette identité ?</p>
<p>L&#8217;identité est liée à la stabilité, occasion pour Pomian de signaler son allégeance à Fernand <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braudel">Braudel</a>, l&#8217;historien de la longue durée. L&#8217;identité suppose une mémoire et un patrimoine, à transmettre. L&#8217;anxiété que l&#8217;on ressent dans nos sociétés occidentales concerne le décalage supposé entre ce que nous transmettons et ce que nos descendants semblent devenir. La transmission se fait à deux niveaux, dans le cercle familial (socialisation des enfants, apprentissage d&#8217;une ou plusieurs langues) et au niveau politique (programmes scolaires, commémorations, politiques linguistiques, patrimoniales&#8230;). La crise actuelle de l&#8217;identité européenne reposerait sur une rupture, un décalage, voire dans certains pays un paradoxe, entre ces deux niveaux. C&#8217;est ce qui expliquerait la « température élevée des débats sur l&#8217;identité ».</p>
<p>L&#8217;historien a conclu en précisant que l&#8217;identité qu&#8217;il pouvait aborder était prescriptive, normative, définie par un « faisceau de traits distinctifs stables », et qu&#8217;il revenait aux citoyens et aux hommes politiques de définir l&#8217;identité descriptive.</p>
<p>Lors de la discussion, Pomian a reconnu que l&#8217;unité européenne était un « mythe d&#8217;historien » puisqu&#8217;il n&#8217;y avait pas de continuité du projet européen. Le problème majeur de la construction européenne est celui de la diversité (il a fait l&#8217;éloge des fromages au lait cru enjoignant l&#8217;Union européenne à ne pas intervenir. Lorsqu&#8217;il a dit la même chose de la tauromachie, j&#8217;étais moins d&#8217;accord, mais lorsque j&#8217;ai pu discuter avec lui il a reconnu le parallèle déplacé, espérant simplement que les pays interdiront cette barabarie sans que l&#8217;UE n&#8217;intervienne).</p>
<p>Lors d&#8217;une évocation du Traité européen « dit constitutionnel », il a pris la métaphore de l&#8217;immeuble pour exposer sa position relative à la présence des références historiques dans le préambule. Si les racines chrétiennes sont mentionnées comme fondement, il convient également de mentionner l&#8217;étage important qu&#8217;a été l&#8217;apport des Lumières.</p>
<p>Enfin, il nous a fait part des ses recherches actuelles sur le régionalisme. D&#8217;un côté, on ne peut qu&#8217;approuver que la démocratie descende plus près des citoyens, que des compétences soient transférées et que le principe de <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiarit%C3%A9">subsidiarité</a> soit appliqué. De l&#8217;autre, l&#8217;Europe est en danger avec des risques de sécession : en Belgique où les tensions entre communautés wallonnes et flamandes sont à leur paroxysme, en Espagne ou la Catalogne entre dans une sécession virtuelle (l&#8217;anglais devenant la seconde langue, à la place du castillan) et dans le Pays basque.</p>
<p>Malheureusement, l&#8217;historien s&#8217;est livré à une interprétation politique que je récuse. Assez classiquement pour un historien qui a <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/jour-l%C3%A8ve-Lh%C3%A9ritage-totalitarisme-1953-2005/dp/2268057011">publié</a> avec <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Courtois">Stéphane Courtois</a> (communisme et nazisme comme deux expressions du totalitarisme), il a critiqué en même temps l&#8217;extrême droite et ce qu&#8217;il nomme « l&#8217;extrême-gauche » (rapidement définie de façon tout à fait abusive par le mot d&#8217;ordre « le socialisme dans un seul pays ») pour leur rejeter la responsabilité des blocages actuels. Autant son propos me semble juste lorsqu&#8217;il évoque la responsabilité du <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaams_Belang">Vlaams Belang</a> en Belgique, autant l&#8217;affirmation selon laquelle l&#8217;extrême-gauche serait responsable de la situation en Catalogne me paraît fantaisiste. Plus ou moins ouvertement, Pomian reprend cette idée selon laquelle « les partis extrêmes » seraient des partis anti-européens (on ne différencie même plus, cf. lieux communs comme « les extrêmes se rejoignent » !). J&#8217;en ai discuté avec lui après la conférence, il a tout simplement peur qu&#8217;Olivier Besancenot prenne le pouvoir, entreprenne d&#8217;importantes nationalisations et sorte la France de l&#8217;UE ! (« En 1910 personne n&#8217;aurait imaginé que Lénine prenne le pouvoir, même chose pour Hitler en 1930 ! »). C&#8217;est plutôt amusant que dans son imaginaire mental la LCR prenne la place du « méchant » des histoires de la Guerre froide !</p>
<p>Heureusement, c&#8217;est le Pomian historien, spécialiste de l&#8217;histoire de la culture européenne, que nous étions venus écouter et là, il n&#8217;y a qu&#8217;une chose à dire « dziękuję bardzo Pan Pomian! ».</p>
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		<title>We&#8217;re hiring</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/05/were-hiring/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/05/were-hiring/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2008 15:23:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johannes Blaas</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Job Openings]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Staff]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/?p=16</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To support our team we are looking for new staff members at the ICCR Vienna office. We have opened two positions for senior researchers. Our administrative unit is looking for an accountant assistant.
For more information on the jobs and how to apply, please visit our jobs page.
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To support our team we are looking for new staff members at the ICCR Vienna office. We have opened two positions for senior researchers. Our administrative unit is looking for an accountant assistant.<br />
For more information on the jobs and how to apply, please visit our <a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/iccr/jobs.html">jobs page</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/05/were-hiring/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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		<title>Restitution in Austria: Still a long way to go</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/04/restitution-in-austria-still-a-long-way-to-go/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/04/restitution-in-austria-still-a-long-way-to-go/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Apr 2008 10:21:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jérôme Segal</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Anschluss]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Art Restitution]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Kunstrückgabgesetz]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Leopoldmuseum]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Rudolf Leopold]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/?p=15</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Republican Club, a leftist lobbying group established after the Waldheim Affair, invited five experts yesterday to discuss the question of art restitution. Since mid-February this year, the Leopold Museum which contains the most important Austrian collection of modern art, is showing a very controversial Albin Egger-Lienz exhibition. The controversy started when art historians found [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The <a href="http://www.repclub.at/" target="_blank">Republican Club</a>, a leftist lobbying group established after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Waldheim#Election_and_Waldheim_Affair" target="_blank">Waldheim Affair</a>, invited five experts yesterday to discuss the question of art restitution. Since mid-February this year, the <a href="http://www.leopoldmuseum.org/" target="_blank">Leopold Museum</a> which contains the most important Austrian collection of modern art, is showing a very controversial Albin Egger-Lienz exhibition. The controversy started when art historians found out that some of the paintings had been looted by the Nazis or sold at a ridiculous price by Jews who had to flee the Third Reich, and then sold to art merchants (The New York Times <a href="http://tinyurl.com/6x4895" target="_blank">reported</a>). The 83 year old art collector Rudolf Leopold who reigns in “his” museum with an iron hand has already been engaged in a legal dispute in the US for more than ten years because one of his Schiele paintings, “Portrait of Wally”, which has been confiscated when he lent it for an exhibition in New York (Forbes <a href="http://www.forbes.com/2002/04/17/0417hot.html" target="_blank">reported</a>). The thing is that Leopold never expressed the slightest willingness to clear the different cases, always answering “In my eyes, the pictures were acquired lawfully”. During the Egger-Lienz dispute, taking the example of the restitution to the Rothschild family, he criticized those who dared sell the paintings they got back with “For <em>those people</em>, it’s all about money”, and everyone knows he meant “the Jews” with that expression.</p>
<p>So much for the context of this evening. The guests were Sophie Lillie (art historian who defends the interests of looted persons), Eva Blimlinger (from the newly appointed commission on art restitution), Alfred Noll (lawyer who defends such persons), Thomas Trenkler (journalist at Der Standard who regularly challenges Leopold) and Robert Holzbauer (art historian employed at the Leopold museum to identify the origins of the paintings). I must say that I found Holzbauer quite courageous to accept the invitation. It appeared that the press attaché of the museum was also in the audience, he took part in the discussion and none of them had an easy job.</p>
<p>- Eva Blimlinger started with a description of the general situation but she was not allowed to report on the actual work of the commission.</p>
<p>- Alfred Noll went on  commenting on the “art restitution law” (Kunstrückgabegesetz), which was passed in December 1998, following the Schiele affair in New York. <a href="http://tinyurl.com/5tnuur" target="_blank">This law</a> does not guarantee any right to the looted persons (or the inheritors). It does not even foresee a possibility for them to become a legal party. The ministries are just “empowered” to return the art objects, allowed, but do not have to.</p>
<p>Regarding the Leopold museum case, it is not a federal museum but, like many important museums, an institution run by a foundation (the Leopoldstiftung). Hence, this law does not apply. Whereas most of the media discusses the possibility to include the Leopold museum in this law (arguing, for instance, that this foundation is mostly financed by the federal State), Noll made clear that it wouldn’t help that much, since the empowerment law is too weak. He is quite pessimistic.</p>
<p>- Thomas Trenkler, the journalist, drew on the story of the 1998 law and underlined the differences in international laws. Whereas in the UK or in the US, it is possible to sue someone who bought (even in good faith) a stolen piece of art, it is not the case in Austria. He criticized Rudolf Leopold harshly, who, as he said, has never been interested much, in knowing about the past of the paintings he was buying.</p>
<p>- Robert Holzbauer tried to defend the museum he is working for. He spoke about the British museum who is trying to give back to Spain an old missal but does not have the right to do so. “At least, they’re willing to give it back”, came rapidly from the audience, which caused smiles and laughs.</p>
<p>- Sophie Lillie, a young art historian who published  monumental <em>Was einmal war. Handbuch der enteigneten Kunstsammlungen Wiens</em> (What once was. Handbook of stolen art collections, Vienna 2003, more than 1000 pages), insisted on the fact that the Leopold Museum was absolutely not cooperative. Moreover, she criticized the laws, which made the first restitution very difficult, since the claiming party had to be aware and know the location of the art work they were claiming. It is thanks to the fact that more and more art collections are online that it is possible to have restitution cases (see for instance the website <a href="http://www.lootedart.com/home" target="_blank">lootedart.com</a>).</p>
<p>In the general discussion, the question was raised whether the majority of Austrian people were willing for restitutions to take place. If no, it would explain why the social democratic and the conservative parties are so hesitant. Only the Green party seem to have a sincere will to accomplish the needed “travail de mémoire”, which is still lacking in Austria. As often in Austrian politics, commissions have been established. One for the inquiry on the origins of the Leopold collection, and one to propose changes in the 1998 restitution law (they speak about a “Novellierung”, an amendment). It is assumed that before the summer, minor changes will be agreed, like an extension of the law on the 1933-1938 period and on Germany, since as it stands now, it only covers pieces of art, which were looted after the Anschluss only in Austria. A second law might come later, probably just to include the Leopold Foundation in the ameliorated 1998 law. The discussion could also have concerned the Jewish cemeteries, which are left abandoned (whereas Nazi graves are well preserved by the State), the recognition of gay people, deserters and other minorities, who suffered during the Nazi-period (<a href="http://www.gruene.at/topstories/gedenkjahr_2008/" target="_blank">issues</a> that are raised by the Greens)… There is definitely still a long way to go, 70 years after the Anschluss, for Austria to acknowledge its past and responsibilities.</p>
<p><a href="http://jerome-segal.de" target="_blank">Jérôme Segal</a></p>
<p>PS/ Many thanks to <a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/iccr/rodousakis.html" target="_blank">Niki</a> for the English editing of my text.</p>
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		<title>Two Distinctions for the ICCR at the Open Space for European Research Conference -  And an Open Question Remaining</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/04/two-distinctions-for-the-iccr-at-the-open-space-for-european-research-conference-and-an-open-question-remaining/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/04/two-distinctions-for-the-iccr-at-the-open-space-for-european-research-conference-and-an-open-question-remaining/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Apr 2008 11:33:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ronald J. Pohoryles</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Events]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Research]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[EURO-FESTIVAL]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Event]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[SITRPO Plus]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/index.php/2008/04/02/two-distinctions-for-the-iccr-at-the-open-space-for-european-research-conference-and-an-open-question-remaining/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the framework of the event ‘Open Space for European Research’, both Liana Giorgi and Michael Schmidt received a distinction as &#8220;Austrian Champions in European Research&#8221; for their FP7 projects EURO-FESTIVAL and SITPRO+, respectively. This is surprising.
The surprise is not that the individuals got the distinction: both are internationally respected scientists with a longstanding experience [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://www.iccr-international.org/images/blog/IMG_1831.jpg" border="1" alt="Sabine Herlitschka and Liana Giorgi" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="300" height="200" align="left" />In the framework of the event ‘<a href="http://www.ffg.at/openspace">Open Space for European Research</a>’, both Liana Giorgi and Michael Schmidt received a distinction as &#8220;<strong>Austrian Champions in European Research</strong>&#8221; for their FP7 projects <a href="http://www.euro-festival.org/">EURO-FESTIVAL</a> and SITPRO+, respectively. <strong><em>This is surprising</em></strong>.</p>
<p>The surprise is not that the individuals got the distinction: both are internationally respected scientists with a longstanding experience in their fields. What is, however, surprising is that the conference accompanying the price award in fact excludes social sciences and humanities. Actually, there is not even much space for the “hard sciences”. Instead, the working groups deal almost exclusively with SMEs, medicine, and technology.</p>
<p><img src="http://www.iccr-international.org/images/blog/IMG_1995.jpg" border="1" alt="Sabine Herlitschka and Michael Schmidt" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="300" height="220" align="left" />Hence, the question remains: do scientists not do research? This is certainly not the case at the European level, where the importance of science in general, and more particularly, of social and human sciences is underlined not just by speeches and communications, but by significant research budgets as well. This should have been noted by the organizers, the FFG (<em>Austrian Research Promotion Agency</em>) and the <em>Austrian Research Dialogue</em>, an initiative of the Austrian Ministry for Science and Research.</p>
<p>This is not because of lack of participation by the social science community. The FFG launched a call for proposals and concepts of workshops and working groups were submitted by the community. However, the proponents were not even informed about the decisions of the organizers – or, what might have been expected, at least thanked by the organizers for their efforts.</p>
<p>It is in this respect surprising that the Austrian SSH community is quite successful in the European Framework Programmes, as evidenced by the distinction of our two colleagues.</p>
<p>Ronald J. Pohoryles</p>
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		<title>New Colleagues at the ICCR</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/03/new-colleagues-at-the-iccr/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/03/new-colleagues-at-the-iccr/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2008 14:55:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johannes Blaas</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ECO-BUILD]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[EURO-FESTIVAL]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[MONIQA]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Staff]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/index.php/2008/03/14/new-colleagues-at-the-iccr/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We would like to use this opportunity to introduce to you our newest staff members:
Lines Friss Lindner joined the ICCR in fall 2007, she is currently working on the MONIQA project.
Fabian Rühle is a young research assistant, working on the ECO-BUILD project.
Jérôme Segal is senior researcher at the ICCR. He joined us in February 2008 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We would like to use this opportunity to introduce to you our newest staff members:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/iccr/friis-lindner.html">Lines Friss Lindner</a> joined the ICCR in fall 2007, she is currently working on the <a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/research/projects/moniqa.html">MONIQA</a> project.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/iccr/ruehle.html">Fabian Rühle</a> is a young research assistant, working on the <a href="http://www.ecobuild-project.org/">ECO-BUILD</a> project.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/iccr/segal.html">Jérôme Segal</a> is senior researcher at the ICCR. He joined us in February 2008 and started working on the <a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/research/projects/euro-festival.html">EURO-FESTIVAL</a> project.</p>
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		<title>Broadsheet 2007/2008 out now!</title>
		<link>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/03/broadsheet-20072008-out-now/</link>
		<comments>http://blog.iccr-international.org/2008/03/broadsheet-20072008-out-now/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Mar 2008 10:16:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johannes Blaas</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[ICCR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Broadsheet]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Publication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blog.iccr-international.org/index.php/2008/03/13/broadsheet-20072008-out-now/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Our annual report, Broadsheet 2007/2008 is now available. Besides information about ongoing and new projects at the ICCR, news on publications and events, it includes these articles:

Youth Unemployment and Active Labour Market Policy
E-Inclusion: Citizen Attitudes to the Internet and E-Government
Food Safety: European Policies and International Perspectives, Transport Quality and Level of Service: One (of Many) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Our annual report, Broadsheet 2007/2008 is now available. Besides information about ongoing and new projects at the ICCR, news on publications and events, it includes these articles:</p>
<ul>
<li>Youth Unemployment and Active Labour Market Policy</li>
<li>E-Inclusion: Citizen Attitudes to the Internet and E-Government</li>
<li>Food Safety: European Policies and International Perspectives, Transport Quality and Level of Service: One (of Many) Reasons Why Transport Models May Produce Wrong Results</li>
<li>The Challenge of Sustainable Regional Innovation - Moving Beyond Traditional Approaches</li>
<li>Methodological Note: What&#8217;s in a Questionnaire</li>
<li>Transport Quality and Level of Service: One (of Many) Reasons Why Transport Models May Produce Wrong Results</li>
</ul>
<p>For your free copy of the Broadsheet please visit <a href="http://www.iccr-international.org/publications/broadsheet.html">this site</a>.</p>
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